Anterior and Posterior Instability of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon in Rotator Cuff Tears: A New Classification Based on Arthroscopic Observations
Laurent Lafosse, Youri Reiland, Gloria P. Baier, Bruno Toussaint, Bernhard Jost
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Left shoulder, arthroscopic view from posterior portal, showing anteroposterior instability with posterior LHB subluxation in internal rotation and anterior LHB subluxation in external rotation of arm; normal LHB; and full-thickness tear of anterior supraspinatus, subscapularis intact, and tear of anterior and posterior biceps pulley.
Left shoulder, arthroscopic view from posterior portal, showing posterior instability with posterior LHB subluxation in internal rotation, which is anteriorly stable; grade I LHB lesion on undersurface at entrance of bicipital groove; and full-thickness tear of complete supraspinatus, with subscapularis intact, and tear of posterior pulley, with anterior pulley intact.
Right shoulder, arthroscopic view from posterior portal, showing stable LHB with anterior and posterior pulley; normal LHB; and full-thickness tear of complete supraspinatus and infraspinatus, with subscapularis intact.
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