Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery
Volume 26, Issue 9 , Pages 1212-1225 , September 2010

Lower Extremity Compensatory Neuromuscular and Biomechanical Adaptations 2 to 11 Years After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

  • John Nyland, D.P.T., S.C.S., Ed.D., A.T.C., C.S.C.S., F.A.C.S.M.

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence and reprint requests to John Nyland, D.P.T., S.C.S., Ed.D., A.T.C., C.S.C.S., F.A.C.S.M., Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville, 210 E Gray St, Ste 1003, Louisville, KY 40202, U.S.A.
  • ,
  • Scott Klein, M.D.
  • ,
  • David N.M. Caborn, M.D.

Received 28 April 2009 ,Accepted 5 January 2010.

References 

  1. Blackburn JT, Padua DA. Sagittal-plane trunk position, landing forces, and quadriceps electromyographic activity. J Athl Train. 2009;44:174–179
  2. McNair PJ, Marshall RN. Landing characteristics in subjects with normal and anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee joints. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75:584–589
  3. Yu B, Lin CF, Garrett WE. Lower extremity biomechanics during the landing of a stop-jump task. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2006;21:297–305
  4. Komi PV, Bosco C. Utilization of stored elastic energy in leg extensor muscles by men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1978;10:261–265
  5. Bobbert MF, Gerritsen KG, Litjens MC, Van Soest AJ. Why is countermovement jump height greater than squat jump height?. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;28:1402–1412
  6. Kernozek TW, Torry MR, Iwasaki M. Gender differences in lower extremity landing mechanics caused by neuromuscular fatigue. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36:554–565
  7. Gerber JP, Marcus RL, Dibble LE, Greis PE, Burks RT, LaStayo PC. Effects of early progressive eccentric exercise on muscle structure after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:559–570
  8. Dufek JS, Bates BT. The evaluation and prediction of impact forces during landings. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1990;22:370–377
  9. Coventry E, O'Connor KM, Hart BA, Earl JE, Ebersole KT. The effect of lower extremity fatigue on shock attenuation during single-leg landing. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2006;21:1090–1097
  10. Reiman MP, Rogers ME, Manske RC. Interlimb differences in lower extremity bone mineral density following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2006;36:837–844
  11. Leppala J, Kannus P, Natri A, et al. Effect of anterior cruciate ligament injury of the knee on bone mineral density of the spine and affected lower extremity: A prospective one-year follow-up study. Calcif Tissue Int. 1999;64:357–363
  12. Ejerhed L, Kartus J, Nilsen R, Nilsson U, Kullenberg R, Karlsson J. The effect of anterior cruciate ligament surgery on bone mineral in the calcaneus: A prospective study with a 2-year follow-up evaluation. Arthroscopy. 2004;20:352–359
  13. Duda GN, Taylor WR, Winkler T, et al. Biomechanical, microvascular, and cellular factors promote muscle and bone regeneration. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2008;36:64–70
  14. Jones KB, Mollano AV, Morcuende JA, Cooper RR, Saltzman CL. Bone and brain: A review of neural, hormonal, and musculoskeletal connections. Iowa Orthop J. 2004;24:123–132
  15. Garcia-Castellano JM, Diaz-Herrera P, Morcuende JA. Is bone a target-tissue for the nervous system? (New advances on the understanding of their interactions). Iowa Orthop J. 2000;20:49–58
  16. Harreld K, Nyland J, Cottrell B, Caborn D. Self-reported patient outcomes after ACL reconstruction with allograft tissue. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38:2058–2067
  17. Paterno MV, Ford KR, Myer GD, Heyl R, Hewett TE. Limb asymmetries in landing and jumping 2 years following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin J Sports Med. 2007;17:258–262
  18. Toothacker LE. Multiple comparison procedures: Quantitative applications in the social sciences, series 89. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 1993;
  19. Nyland J, Cottrell B, Harreld K, Caborn DN. Self-reported outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: An internal health locus of control score comparison. Arthroscopy. 2006;22:1225–1232
  20. Palmieri-Smith RM, Thomas AC. A neuromuscular mechanism of posttraumatic osteoarthritis associated with ACL injury. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2009;37:147–153
  21. Urbach D, Nebelung W, Becker R, Awiszus F. Effects of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament on voluntary activation of quadriceps femoris a prospective twitch interpolation study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001;83:1104–1110
  22. Wojtys EM, Huston LJ. Longitudinal effects of anterior cruciate ligament injury and patellar tendon autograft reconstruction on neuromuscular performance. Am J Sports Med. 2000;28:336–344
  23. Fleming BC, Renstrom PA, Ohlen G, et al. The gastrocnemius muscle is an antagonist of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Orthop Res. 2001;19:1178–1184
  24. Colby SM, Hintermeister RA, Torry MR, Steadman JR. Lower limb stability with ACL impairment. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1999;29:444–454
  25. Ernst GP, Saliba E, Diduch DR, Hurwitz SR, Ball SW. Lower-extremity compensations following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Phys Ther. 2000;80:251–260
  26. Decker MJ, Torry MR, Noonan TJ, Riviere A, Sterett WI. Landing adaptations after ACL reconstruction. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34:1408–1413
  27. Decker MJ, Torry MR, Wyland DJ, Sterett WI, Steadman JR. Gender differences in lower extremity kinematics, kinetics and energy absorption during landing. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2003;18:662–669
  28. Myer GD, Paterno MV, Ford KR, Quatman CE, Hewett TE. Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Criteria-based progression through the return-to-sport phase. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2006;36:385–399
  29. Kocher MS, Steadman JR, Briggs KK, Sterett WI, Hawkins RJ. Relationships between objective assessment of ligament stability and subjective assessment of symptoms and function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32:629–634
  30. Ohkoshi Y, Yasuda K, Kaneda K, Wada T, Yamanaka M. Biomechanical analysis of rehabilitation in the standing position. Am J Sports Med. 1991;19:605–611
  31. Koyanagi M, Shino K, Yoshimoto Y, Inoue S, Sato M, Nakata K. Effects of changes in skiing posture on the kinetics of the knee joint. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2006;14:88–93
  32. Zazulak BT, Ponce PL, Straub SJ, Medvecky MJ, Avedisian L, Hewett TE. Gender comparison of hip muscle activity during single-leg landing. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2005;35:292–299
  33. Huston LJ, Vibert B, Ashton-Miller JA, Wojtys EM. Gender differences in knee angle when landing from a drop-jump. Am J Knee Surg. 2001;14:215–220
  34. Salci Y, Kentel BB, Heycan C, Akin S, Korkusuz F. Comparison of landing maneuvers between male and female college volleyball players. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2004;19:622–628
  35. Onate JA, Guskiewicz KM, Marshall SW, Giuliani C, Yu B, Garrett WE. Instruction of jump-landing technique using videotape feedback: Altering lower extremity motion patterns. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:831–842
  36. McNair PJ, Prapavessis H. Normative data of vertical ground reaction forces during landing from a jump. J Sci Med Sport. 1999;2:86–88
  37. Valeriani M, Restuccia D, Di Lazzaro V, Franceschi F, Fabbriciani C, Tonali P. Central nervous system modifications in patients with lesion of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. Brain. 1996;119:1751–1762
  38. Sica GT. Bias in research studies. Radiology. 2006;238:780–789
  39. Derr J. Valid paired data designs: Make full use of data without “double dipping.”. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2006;36:42–44

 Supported by the Fischer-Owen Orthopaedic Research Fund (Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY). The authors report no conflict of interest.

 

Note: To access the video accompanying this report, visit the September issue of Arthroscopy at www.arthroscopyjournal.org.

PII: S0749-8063(10)00039-3

doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2010.01.003

Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery
Volume 26, Issue 9 , Pages 1212-1225 , September 2010