The overhead athlete places significant demands on the shoulder, and injuries are
common. Sports at risk include baseball, throwing positions in football and soccer,
racquet sports, swimming, and golf. Changes in flexibility and endurance associated
with the athlete’s age may predispose the shoulder to injury.
1
The baseball pitcher is a unique athlete that emphasizes flexibility and power. Anatomic
changes, physiologic adaptations, and injuries are commonly found. Although this type
of athlete has been identified as the “classic overhead athlete,” we should also recognize
different age groups playing different sports in this section.To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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References
- Special shoulder problems in the throwing athlete.Clin in Sports Med. 1991; 10: 839-870
- Shoulder impingement syndrome in athletes treated by anterior acromioplasty.Clin Orthop. 1985; 198: 134-140
- Shoulder pain in the overhand or throwing athlete.Orthop Rev. 1989; 18: 963-975
- The long head of the biceps.Trans Orthop Res Soc. 1990; 15: 276
- The anatomy and histology of the rotator interval capsule of the shoulder.Clin Orthop. 2001; 390: 129-137
- The role of the rotator interval capsule in passive motion and stability of the shoulder.J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992; 74: 53-66
- Static capsuloligamentous restraints to superior inferior translation of the glenohumeral joint.Am J Sports Med. 1992; 20: 675-685
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© 2003 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
