Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine, in vitro, the cellular response of human
mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to sample types of commercially available scaffolds
in comparison with control, native tendon tissue (fresh-frozen rotator cuff tendon
allograft).
Methods
MSCs were defined by (1) colony-forming potential; (2) ability to differentiate into
tendon, cartilage, bone, and fat tissue; and (3) fluorescence-activated cell sorting
analysis (CD73, CD90, CD45). Samples were taken from fresh-frozen human rotator cuff
tendon (allograft), human highly cross-linked collagen membrane (Arthroflex; LifeNet
Health, Virginia Beach, VA), porcine non–cross-linked collagen membrane (Mucograft;
Geistlich Pharma, Lucerne, Switzerland), a human platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRF-M),
and a fibrin matrix based on platelet-rich plasma (ViscoGel; Arthrex, Naples, FL).
Cells were counted for adhesion (24 hours), thymidine assay for cell proliferation
(96 hours), and live/dead stain for viability (168 hours). Histologic analysis was
performed after 21 days, and the unloaded scaffolds were scanned with electron microscopy.
Results
MSCs were successfully differentiated into all cell lines. A significantly greater
number of cells adhered to both the non–cross-linked porcine collagen scaffold and
PRF-M. Cell activity (proliferation) was significantly higher in the non–cross-linked
porcine collagen scaffold compared with PRF-M and fibrin matrix based on platelet-rich
plasma. There were no significant differences found in the results of the live/dead
assay.
Conclusions
Significant differences in the response of human MSCs to biologic scaffolds existed.
MSC adhesion, proliferation, and scaffold morphology evaluated by histologic analysis
and electron microscopy varied throughout the evaluated types of scaffolds. Non–cross-linked
porcine collagen scaffolds showed superior results for cell adhesion and proliferation,
as well as on histologic evaluation.
Clinical Relevance
This study enables the clinician and scientist to choose scaffold materials according
to their specific interaction with MSCs.
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
November 19,
2013
Received:
June 11,
2013
Footnotes
The authors report the following potential conflict of interest or source of funding: R.A.A. receives support from Arthrex, Biomet, and Soft Tissue Regeneration. A.D.M. receives support from a Donaghue Grant and Arthrex to support research and equipment and salary.
The University of Connecticut Health Center/New England Musculoskeletal Institute has received direct funding and material support for this study from Arthrex. The company had no influence on study design, data collection, interpretation of the results, or the writing of the final manuscript.
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ScienceDirect
Access this article on ScienceDirectLinked Article
- Letter to the Editor Regarding Our Article “Properties of Biologic Scaffolds and Their Response to Mesenchymal Stem Cells”ArthroscopyVol. 30Issue 9
- PreviewWe are writing in regard to our article “Properties of Biologic Scaffolds and Their Response to Mesenchymal Stem Cells” published in the March 2014 issue of Arthroscopy.1 Throughout the article, we refer to the 2 collagen scaffolds tested as being “highly and non–cross-linked.” These terms were meant to describe the histologic structure of the scaffold; they were not meant to indicate anything else, such as the chemical processes by which some biologic scaffolds are manufactured.2 In our study the porcine collagen scaffold has a loose fibrous infrastructure compared with the human dermal scaffold that is more tightly packed.
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