Purpose
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the potential of near infrared (NIR)
spectroscopy for characterizing the health and degenerative state of articular cartilage
based on the components of the Mankin score.
Methods
Three models of osteoarthritic degeneration induced in laboratory rats by anterior
cruciate ligament (ACL) transection, meniscectomy (MSX), and intra-articular injection
of monoiodoacetate (1 mg) (MIA) were used in this study. Degeneration was induced
in the right knee joint; each model group consisted of 12 rats (N = 36). After 8 weeks,
the animals were euthanized and knee joints were collected. A custom-made diffuse
reflectance NIR probe of 5-mm diameter was placed on the tibial and femoral surfaces,
and spectral data were acquired from each specimen in the wave number range of 4,000
to 12,500 cm−1. After spectral data acquisition, the specimens were fixed and safranin O staining
(SOS) was performed to assess disease severity based on the Mankin scoring system.
Using multivariate statistical analysis, with spectral preprocessing and wavelength
selection technique, the spectral data were then correlated to the structural integrity
(SI), cellularity (CEL), and matrix staining (SOS) components of the Mankin score
for all the samples tested.
Results
ACL models showed mild cartilage degeneration, MSX models had moderate degeneration,
and MIA models showed severe cartilage degenerative changes both morphologically and
histologically. Our results reveal significant linear correlations between the NIR
absorption spectra and SI (R2 = 94.78%), CEL (R2 = 88.03%), and SOS (R2 = 96.39%) parameters of all samples in the models. In addition, clustering of the
samples according to their level of degeneration, with respect to the Mankin components,
was also observed.
Conclusions
NIR spectroscopic probing of articular cartilage can potentially provide critical
information about the health of articular cartilage matrix in early and advanced stages
of osteoarthritis (OA).
Clinical Relevance
This rapid nondestructive method can facilitate clinical appraisal of articular cartilage
integrity during arthroscopic surgery.
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to ArthroscopyAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Biochemical and metabolic abnormalities in articular cartilage from osteo-arthritic human hips. II. Correlation of morphology with biochemical and metabolic data.J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1971; 53: 523-537
- Investigating the potential value of individual parameters of histologic grading systems in a sheep model of cartilage damage: The Modified Mankin method.J Anat. 2012; 221: 47-54
- Fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy of joint tissues.Analyst. 2011; 136: 1675-1685
- Hand-held arthroscopic optical coherence tomography for in vivo high-resolution imaging of articular cartilage.J Biomed Opt. 2003; 8: 648-654
- Non-destructive evaluation of articular cartilage defects using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in osteoarthritic rat models and its direct relation to Mankin score.Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2012; 20: 1367-1373
- Combination of MEK-ERK inhibitor and hyaluronic acid has a synergistic effect on anti-hypertrophic and pro-chondrogenic activities in osteoarthritis treatment.J Mol Med. 2013; 91: 369-380
- Inhibition of p38 pathway leads to OA-like changes in a rat animal model.Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012; 51: 813-823
- Mono-iodoacetate-induced experimental osteoarthritis: A dose-response study of loss of mobility, morphology, and biochemistry.Arthritis Rheum. 1997; 40: 1670-1679
- Application of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for determining the thickness of articular cartilage.Med Eng Phys. 2012; 35: 88-95
- Load-unloading response of intact and artificially degraded articular cartilage correlated with near infrared (NIR) absorption spectra.J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2013; 20: 249-258
- G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences.Behav Res Methods. 2007; 39: 175-191
- Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences.Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ1988
- Application of principal component analysis on NIR spectral collection after elimination of interference by a least-squares procedure.Appl Spectrosc. 1988; 42: 1020-1023
- On-line prediction of chemical composition of semi-frozen ground beef by non-invasive NIR spectroscopy.Meat Sci. 2003; 63: 515-523
- Multivariate statistics for wildlife and ecology research.Springer, New York2000
- Data analysis: Calibration of NIR instruments by PLS regression.in: Burns A.D. Ciurczak E.W. Handbook of near infrared analysis. 2nd ed. Marcell Dekker, New York2001: 185-207
- Linearization and scatter-correction for near-infrared reflectance spectra of meat.Appl Spectros. 1985; 39: 491-500
- Evaluation of cartilage defects with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR): An ex vivo study.Med Eng Phys. 2008; 30: 285-292
- Traumatic and degenerative cartilage lesions: Arthroscopic differentiation using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2013; 133: 997-1002
- How do visual, spectroscopic and biomechanical changes of cartilage correlate in osteoarthritic knee joints?.Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2010; 25: 332-340
- Noninvasive in vivo near-infrared optical measurement of the penetration depth in the neonatal head.Clin Phys Physiol Meas. 1991; 12: 353-358
- Near infrared (NIR) absorption spectra correlates with subchondral bone micro-CT parameters in osteoarthritic rat models.Bone. 2013; 53: 350-357
- NIR analysis of textiles.in: Burns A.D. Ciurczak E.W. Handbook of near infrared analysis. Marcel Dekker, New York2001
- Derivative preprocessing and optimal corrections for baseline drift in multivariate calibration.Appl Spectrosc. 2000; 54: 1055-1068
- NIR analysis of polymers.in: Burns A.D. Ciurczak E.W. Handbook of near infrared analysis. Marcel Dekker, New York2001
Article info
Publication history
Published online: June 17, 2014
Accepted:
April 22,
2014
Received:
August 19,
2013
Footnotes
Supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council Australia (APP1032738), Queensland University of Technology, and the Prince Charles Hospital Foundation (MS2010-02). The authors report that they have no conflicts of interest in the authorship and publication of this article.
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
