Purpose
To investigate the change in muscle volume around the hip in patients with femoroacetabular
impingement (FAI) after arthroscopy and evaluate other factors related to muscle change.
Methods
We performed a retrospective review of magnetic resonance imaging data of patients
with FAI who underwent hip arthroscopy. Magnetic resonance imaging was obtained pre-
and postoperatively. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscles were determined on
axial images. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to determine the differences
between pre- and postoperative hip muscle CSA. The correlations of change in muscle
CSA with age, sex, body mass index, pain level, preoperative symptom duration, follow-up
time, and multiple validated patient-reported outcomes were also analyzed with a Spearman
rank correlation test.
Results
Fifty-one patients with a mean age of 36.5 ± 5.6 years were included and analyzed.
The follow-up was 26.6 ± 0.5 months (range, 24-40 months), and 27 (52.9%) were women.
Patients with FAI showed increased hip muscle CSA of gluteus maximus (P = .002) and gluteus minimus (P = .001). Post- compared with preoperative, the value for the change in medius CSA
was underpowered, and no differences in other hip muscle CSAs were observed. The increased
muscle CSA of the gluteus maximus was significantly correlated with the improvement
of modified Harris Hip Score (ρ = 0.404; P = .003). The increased muscle CSA of the gluteus minimus was significantly correlated
with the improvement of pain Visual Analog Scale (ρ = 0.452; P = .001). Age, body mass index, sex, symptom duration, and follow-up time were not
significantly correlated with change in muscle CSA.
Conclusions
Patients with FAI have a significantly increased postoperative muscle CSA of the gluteus
maximus (7.8%) and the gluteus minimus (11.6%) compared with preoperative values.
The increased muscle CSA of the gluteus maximus and gluteus minimus was significantly
correlated with improvement in modified Harris Hip Score and pain Visual Analog Scale,
respectively. The increase of muscle volume may be associated with the improvement
of subjective function and pain relief.
Levels of Evidence
Level IV, therapeutic case series.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 29, 2021
Accepted:
October 30,
2020
Received:
May 21,
2020
Footnotes
See commentary on page 871
H-J.H. and J-Q.W. contributed equally to this article.
The authors report the following potential conflicts of interest or sources of funding: This work was supported by grants from the Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 81902205). Full ICMJE author disclosure forms are available for this article online, as supplementary material.
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